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Avesta

AI-drafted · awaiting admin review

The sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, including the Gathas, hymns traditionally ascribed to the prophet Zarathushtra. Parsi priests in India have preserved them for centuries.

Key facts
TraditionZoroastrian (Parsi and Irani)
TypeScripture
LanguageAvestan
PeriodGathas c. 2nd–1st millennium BCE (dates are debated); other parts later
Composed or compiled byThe Gathas are traditionally ascribed to Zarathushtra

What it contains

  • Yasna, the main liturgy, which includes the 17 hymns of the Gathas.
  • Visperad and Vendidad (Videvdad): liturgy and laws of purity.
  • Yashts: hymns to divine beings.
  • Khordeh Avesta: prayers for daily use, such as the Ashem Vohu and Yatha Ahu Vairyo.

Significance

Parsi priests at Udvada, Navsari and Mumbai have kept up the recitation and copying of the Avesta, and Indian Parsi scholars have translated it into Gujarati and English.