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Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

AI-drafted · awaiting admin review

The "great forest" Upanishad, the longest of the principal Upanishads, with the debates of Yajnavalkya and the prayer "Asato ma sadgamaya".

Key facts
TraditionHindu (Vedic)
TypeUpanishad
LanguageSanskrit
Periodc. 8th–6th century BCE (scholarly estimate)

What it contains

  • Belongs to the Shukla Yajurveda (the end of the Shatapatha Brahmana).
  • The sage Yajnavalkya's debates at the court of King Janaka, including questions from the woman philosopher Gargi Vachaknavi.
  • Yajnavalkya's teaching to his wife Maitreyi on the self.
  • "Aham brahmasmi" (I am Brahman), one of the four mahavakyas.
  • The prayer "Asato ma sadgamaya, tamaso ma jyotirgamaya, mrityor ma amritam gamaya" (lead me from untruth to truth, darkness to light, death to immortality).
  • The description of the self as "neti neti" (not this, not this).

Significance

One of the oldest and most important Upanishads, and a key source for Vedanta. Gargi and Maitreyi are remembered as learned women of the Vedic age.