Skip to content
realMudda
Sign in

Arunachal Pradesh

AI-drafted · awaiting admin review

State · Capital: Itanagar

Government of India position

Arunachal Pradesh is an integral and inalienable part of India. India rejects attempts by other countries to assign invented names to places in the State.

Known for

  • Largest State of the North-East by area, on the borders of Bhutan, China and Myanmar
  • Land of the rising sun: Dong in Anjaw district sees one of the first sunrises in India
  • Tawang Monastery, the largest Buddhist monastery in India
  • Many indigenous tribes, each with its own festivals, dress and language
  • Orchids, hornbills and some of India's richest forests and wildlife
  • Apatani rice-fish farming in the Ziro valley
  • The Siang, the name of the Brahmaputra as it enters India

Main sources of income

Most of the population lives in villages and depends on farming, while the State's revenue relies heavily on central transfers.

  • Agriculture and horticulture: Rice, maize and millets on terraced and shifting (jhum) fields, and fruit and spice crops such as orange, kiwi, apple, pineapple and large cardamom
  • Government and public services: Administration, defence, education, health and construction of roads and bridges employ a large share of salaried workers
  • Hydropower: The State has the largest hydropower potential in India, and several projects run on its fast mountain rivers
  • Forestry and handicrafts: Bamboo, cane and wood products, and handloom weaving by women of many tribes
  • Tourism: Monasteries, festivals and mountain landscapes; visitors need an Inner Line Permit or Protected Area Permit

Top 5 specialities

  1. Arunachal orange: GI-tagged mandarin oranges grown on hill orchards, especially in the eastern districts, and sold across the North-East and beyond
  2. Idu Mishmi textiles: GI-tagged hand-woven cloth with geometric designs made by Idu Mishmi women on loin looms, worn at festivals and sold as a craft
  3. Arunachal yak churpi: GI-tagged hard, fermented cheese made from yak milk by Brokpa herders of the high Tawang and West Kameng areas, eaten and traded as a long-keeping food
  4. Kiwi and large cardamom: Kiwi from the Ziro valley and other hill farms, and large cardamom grown in forest shade, both sold as cash crops
  5. Monpa handmade paper (Mon shugu): Paper made by hand from the bark of the shugu shrub in Tawang, used for Buddhist scriptures and now revived as a village craft

Best practices

  • Apatani wet-rice and fish farming: On the Ziro plateau the Apatani grow rice and rear fish together in terraced fields fed by channels from forest streams, without draught animals or machines, keeping soil fertile year after year.
  • Hornbill Nest Adoption Programme: Around Pakke Tiger Reserve, Nyishi villagers who once hunted hornbills are paid to protect nests, and people elsewhere can 'adopt' a nest; the community festival Pakke Paga celebrates the birds.
  • Community-managed forests and reserves: Many villages and clans manage their own forests and set aside community reserves, such as the Singchung Bugun Village Community Reserve, home of the rare Bugun liocichla bird.

Dance & performing arts

  • Yak dance of the Monpas
  • Ponung

Festivals

  • Losar
  • Solung
  • Nyokum
  • Dree
  • Mopin

Food

  • Bamboo-shoot dishes
  • Thukpa
  • Pika pila

Crafts & heritage

  • Cane and bamboo work
  • Monpa handmade paper (Mon Shugu)
  • Apatani weaving

Top 5 problems in Arunachal Pradesh

No problems have been raised here yet.

Ranked by members' support on this platform (verified votes break ties), including everything raised in its districts and smaller areas.

Issues raised from Arunachal Pradesh →

More from Arunachal Pradesh

Traditional recipes (17)

  • A warming noodle soup with vegetables or meat in a clear broth, everyday food in the cold hills of Tawang and West Kameng.

  • Hand-pulled flat noodles torn straight into a simmering broth with greens, a homely Monpa soup made from a simple flour dough.

  • Steamed dumplings of thin wheat dough filled with minced meat or vegetables and cheese, served with a fiery chilli paste.

  • Thick, soft pancakes of buckwheat flour cooked on a griddle, a Monpa breakfast eaten with butter tea and chilli-cheese relish.

  • A thick, smooth dough-like porridge of finger-millet flour stirred into boiling water, eaten with vegetables, meat or chilli.

  • A spicy, creamy dish of fermented yak or cow-milk cheese (chura or churpi) cooked with chillies, onion and tomato.

  • Salted tea churned with butter into a rich, warming drink, served many times a day and offered to every guest in Monpa homes.

  • Crisp, twisted fried pastries made in large batches for Losar, the Monpa New Year, and offered at altars and to guests.

  • A sharp, smoky Apatani pickle of bamboo shoot, pork fat and king chilli, kept for weeks and eaten with rice.

  • A pungent chutney of fermented soybeans pounded with hot chillies, salt and ginger, eaten in small amounts with rice.

  • Strips of meat smoke-dried over the hearth and tossed with crushed hot chilli and salt, a long-keeping relish served with rice.

  • Pork cooked with sour fermented bamboo shoot, ginger and chilli in very little oil, a feast dish across Arunachal Pradesh.

See all 17

Traditional dances (5)

  • A circle dance of Adi women at the Solung harvest festival, led by a male singer who tells the stories of creation and farming in song.

  • The dance of Galo women at the Mopin spring festival, performed in white attire to songs that welcome prosperity and good health.

  • A Monpa masked dance-drama in which performers in bright costumes enact a story with song and dance, staged at Losar and other festivals.

  • A Monpa pantomime dance in which two men inside a yak costume dance with a rider and masked herders, celebrating the yak that sustains life in the high hills.

  • Masked ritual dances performed by monks in the courtyard of Tawang Monastery during the Torgya festival to drive away evil and bring well-being.

Festivals and New Years (1)

  • The agricultural festival of the Apatani people of Ziro valley, held on 5 July, praying for a good harvest and the protection of crops.

Pilgrimages and sacred places (1)

  • The largest Buddhist monastery in India, founded in the 17th century.

Famous places (7)

  • The largest Buddhist monastery in India, standing on a ridge above Tawang town at about 3,000 m, a centre of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

  • A high mountain pass on the road to Tawang, at about 4,170 m, with a lake that freezes in winter and snow for much of the year.

  • A broad, pine-ringed plateau that is home to the Apatani people and their remarkable terraced rice-and-fish fields.

  • A vast rainforest tiger reserve in the far east of India that rises from low river valleys to snowy peaks, rich in rare animals and plants.

  • A Hindu pilgrimage site on the Lohit river where thousands take a holy dip on Makar Sankranti.

  • The remains of a medieval brick fort that gives the State capital, Itanagar, its name.

  • A forest tiger reserve in the foothills, best known for its hornbills and for the community programme that protects them.