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Haryana

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State · Capital: Chandigarh

Known for

  • Kurukshetra, the land of the Mahabharata and the Bhagavad Gita
  • Rakhigarhi, one of the largest Harappan sites
  • Murrah buffaloes and a strong dairy culture
  • Wrestlers, boxers and athletes who win medals for India
  • Gurugram and Manesar: hubs of cars, IT and corporate offices
  • Panipat's handloom and home-furnishing industry
  • The Surajkund International Crafts Mela

Main sources of income

Most of Haryana's output now comes from industry and services in the districts near Delhi, while farming and dairy remain the main work in rural districts.

  • Services: IT and IT-enabled services, finance, real estate, trade and logistics, concentrated in Gurugram and along the national highways around Delhi
  • Manufacturing: Cars, two-wheelers and auto parts in Gurugram, Manesar and Faridabad; engineering goods in Faridabad; textiles and home furnishings in Panipat; footwear in Bahadurgarh
  • Agriculture: Wheat, paddy (including basmati), mustard, cotton, bajra and sugarcane, grown on canal and tube-well irrigated land
  • Dairy and livestock: Buffaloes, especially the Murrah breed, and cattle such as the Hariana breed; milk is a major source of income in villages
  • Construction and transport: Housing, roads, expressways and freight corridors in the National Capital Region

Top 5 specialities

  1. Murrah buffalo: A high-yielding black buffalo breed from Haryana, kept for milk by village families and sold to dairy farmers across India
  2. Basmati rice: Aromatic long-grain rice covered by India's Basmati GI tag, grown in districts such as Karnal, Kaithal and Kurukshetra and exported
  3. Panipat handloom and home furnishings: Blankets, rugs, durries, curtains and bed linen woven in Panipat, many from recycled yarn, and sold in India and abroad
  4. Automobiles and auto parts: Cars, motorcycles and components from plants in Gurugram, Manesar and Faridabad that employ many thousands of workers
  5. Phulkari embroidery: GI-tagged floss-silk darning embroidery on hand-woven cloth, made by women in Haryana as well as Punjab and Rajasthan

Best practices

  • Sports culture and akharas: Village akharas (wrestling schools), sports hostels and cash awards for medal winners have helped Haryana produce a large share of India's Olympic, Commonwealth and Asian Games medallists.
  • Mera Pani Meri Virasat: Under this scheme the State pays farmers an incentive per acre to switch from water-hungry paddy to crops such as maize, pulses, cotton and fruit, to save falling groundwater.
  • Beti Bachao Beti Padhao: The national campaign to save and educate the girl child was launched in Panipat in 2015. It focuses on enforcing the ban on sex-selection and on valuing and educating daughters, a priority in a State that had one of the lowest child sex ratios in the 2011 Census.

Dance & performing arts

  • Phag
  • Ghoomar of Haryana

Festivals

  • International Gita Mahotsav (Kurukshetra)
  • Teej
  • Surajkund Crafts Mela

Food

  • Bajra khichdi
  • Kadhi pakora
  • Singri ki sabzi

Crafts & heritage

  • Phulkari
  • Durrie weaving
  • Saang folk theatre

Top 5 problems in Haryana

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Ranked by members' support on this platform (verified votes break ties), including everything raised in its districts and smaller areas.

Issues raised from Haryana →

More from Haryana

Traditional recipes (24)

  • Pounded pearl millet slow-cooked with moong dal into a thick porridge, eaten with ghee, jaggery or buttermilk in winter.

  • Thick pearl-millet flatbread patted by hand and baked on a tava or over a chulha, eaten with white butter, jaggery and greens.

  • Fresh bajra rotis crumbled with ghee and jaggery or shakkar, a simple sweet of Haryanvi farm homes.

  • A thin, tangy kadhi of sour buttermilk and gram flour, simmered long and tempered with fenugreek, eaten with rice or bajra roti.

  • Fresh green chickpeas cooked with a large bunch of green coriander, a winter vegetable dish of Haryana.

  • Small wild desert melons (kachri) cooked with spices into a tangy dry dish, a speciality of the sandy south and west of Haryana.

  • Tender cluster beans stir-fried with ajwain, garlic and spices, a common summer vegetable on Haryanvi tables.

  • The tender leaves of the gram plant cooked down with ghee, garlic and green chillies, a winter green of the Haryana countryside.

  • Red winter carrots cooked with fresh fenugreek leaves and simple spices, a quick dry vegetable dish.

  • A rustic flatbread of gram flour and wheat flour with onion, green chilli and spices, eaten with white butter and buttermilk.

  • Whole wheat roti kneaded with chopped bathua leaves and ajwain, a winter bread eaten with curd and white butter.

  • A thick, sweet whole-wheat roti made with jaggery and ghee, packed for journeys and field work.

See all 24

Traditional dances (4)

  • Haryana's open-air folk theatre, in which troupes sing and act out old tales of kings, saints and lovers through the night.

  • A joyful dance of farming men and women in the month of Phalgun, when the winter crop is ripening and Holi arrives.

  • A spring dance of girls from the Bangar region of Haryana, sung as questions and answers between two groups.

  • A women's dance and play held in the groom's home on the night the wedding party leaves, full of song, mimicry and fun.

Pilgrimages and sacred places (1)

  • A Shakti Peetha at Thanesar, Kurukshetra, where Sati's ankle is said to have fallen. The Goddess is worshipped here as Bhadrakali (Savitri).

Famous places (6)

  • The land of the Mahabharata war, with the vast sacred tank of Brahma Sarovar and Jyotisar, where tradition holds Krishna taught the Gita.

  • One of the largest known sites of the Harappan (Indus Valley) civilisation, spread over several mounds in Hisar district.

  • A small wetland bird sanctuary near Gurugram that fills with migratory birds each winter, and a Ramsar site.

  • A 17th-century Mughal terraced garden at the foot of the Shivalik hills, with fountains, water channels and palace pavilions.

  • An ancient amphitheatre-shaped reservoir near Faridabad, home every February to the Surajkund International Crafts Mela.

  • Haryana's only hill station, in the Shivalik range, with forested ridges, a small fort and the twin lakes of Tikkar Tal.