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Maharashtra

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State · Capital: Mumbai (Nagpur is the second capital)

Known for

  • Mumbai, India's financial capital: home of the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange
  • The Hindi film industry and a large Marathi theatre and cinema tradition
  • UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Ajanta, Ellora and Elephanta caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus and Mumbai's Victorian Gothic and Art Deco ensembles
  • Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the hill and sea forts of the Maratha kingdom
  • Ganeshotsav, Gudi Padwa and the Pandharpur Wari pilgrimage of the Warkari tradition
  • Saint-poets Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Eknath and Tukaram, who wrote in Marathi
  • Alphonso mangoes, Nashik grapes, Nagpur oranges and sugarcane

Main sources of income

Maharashtra is India's largest State economy by gross state domestic product, but most of its rural people still depend on farming.

  • Services: Banking, finance and insurance in Mumbai, IT and software in Pune and Mumbai, trade, real estate, film, media and entertainment
  • Manufacturing and industry: Automobiles and auto parts (Pune–Chakan, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Nashik), engineering, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals and textiles
  • Agriculture and agro-processing: Sugarcane and co-operative sugar mills, cotton, soybean, onions, grapes, pomegranates, oranges, bananas and mangoes
  • Ports, logistics and trade: Jawaharlal Nehru Port and Mumbai Port handle a large share of India's container and sea trade
  • Tourism: World Heritage caves and monuments, Maratha forts, pilgrimage towns, hill stations and the Konkan coast

Top 5 specialities

  1. Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg Alphonso (Hapus) mangoes: GI-tagged mangoes grown on the Konkan coast and sold across India and abroad; thousands of orchard families live by them
  2. Nashik grapes and wine: Table grapes (GI-tagged) and a wine industry around Nashik, often called the grape capital of India
  3. Nagpur oranges: GI-tagged mandarin oranges from the Vidarbha region, sold fresh across the country
  4. Paithani sarees: GI-tagged silk sarees with zari borders and peacock motifs, hand-woven in Paithan and Yeola
  5. Kolhapuri chappals: GI-tagged hand-made leather sandals from Kolhapur and nearby districts, a livelihood for leather-working families

Best practices

  • Co-operative sugar factories: Farmers pooled their cane and capital to run their own mills. What is widely regarded as Asia's first co-operative sugar factory was set up around 1950 at Pravaranagar (Loni) in Ahmednagar district, and the model spread across western Maharashtra.
  • Employment Guarantee Scheme: Maharashtra's rural Employment Guarantee Scheme of the 1970s gave the right to work on public projects during drought. It was a model for the national Mahatma Gandhi NREGA.
  • Village watershed development: Villages such as Ralegan Siddhi and Hiware Bazar revived their land with check dams, tree planting and shared rules on water use, and are studied across India.
  • Mumbai's dabbawalas: A network of lunchbox carriers who use a simple colour-and-number code and the suburban railway to deliver home-cooked meals to offices across Mumbai every working day.

Dance & performing arts

  • Lavani
  • Koli dance

Festivals

  • Ganeshotsav
  • Gudi Padwa
  • Pandharpur Wari

Food

  • Puran poli
  • Ukadiche modak
  • Misal pav

Crafts & heritage

  • Paithani saree
  • Warli painting
  • Kolhapuri chappals (GI)

Top 5 problems in Maharashtra

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Ranked by members' support on this platform (verified votes break ties), including everything raised in its districts and smaller areas.

Issues raised from Maharashtra →

More from Maharashtra

Traditional recipes (43)

  • Sesame and jaggery sweets shared on Makar Sankranti with a promise to speak sweetly.

  • Soft flatbread stuffed with sweet chana-dal and jaggery filling, served with ghee.

  • Steamed rice-flour dumplings with coconut and jaggery, the favourite sweet of Shri Ganesha.

  • Flattened rice cooked with onion, turmeric, peanuts and curry leaves: the everyday breakfast of Maharashtra.

  • A fiery sprouted moth-bean curry topped with farsan, onion and lemon, eaten with soft pav.

  • A spiced potato fritter in a soft bun with garlic chutney: Mumbai's favourite street snack.

  • A buttery mash of vegetables cooked with pav bhaji masala on a hot griddle, served with toasted buttered pav.

  • Puffed rice tossed with sev, onion, potato and sweet and spicy chutneys, sold on Mumbai's beaches.

  • Soaked sago pearls stir-fried with peanuts, cumin and green chilli: the classic Maharashtrian fasting dish.

  • Crisp fritters of sago, potato and peanuts, eaten on fasting days and as a tea-time snack.

  • A savoury multigrain flatbread made from bhajani, a flour of roasted grains and pulses, patted out by hand.

  • Steamed and fried squares of fresh coriander and gram flour, crisp outside and soft inside.

See all 43

Traditional dances (6)

  • Maharashtra's best-known folk dance: fast, powerful songs and dance to the beat of the dholki, performed by women in nine-yard sarees.

  • Travelling folk theatre of Maharashtra that mixes song, dance, comedy and drama, with Lavani at its centre.

  • The joyful dance of the Koli fishing community of the Konkan coast and Mumbai, full of rowing and wave-like movements.

  • A vigorous group dance performed with the lezim, a wooden handle strung with jingling metal discs, seen in Ganesh processions and school drills.

  • A tribal circle dance of the Warli and neighbouring communities, danced around a player of the tarpa, a long wind instrument made from a dried gourd.

  • A dance of the Dhangar shepherd community of Maharashtra, performed by men in circles to honour their deity and celebrate the pastoral life.

Festivals and New Years (2)

  • The New Year of Maharashtra (and of Konkani families in Goa, as Sausar Padvo), on the first day of Chaitra. A gudi, a staff topped with a bright cloth, neem, flowers and an upturned pot, is raised outside homes.

  • Ten days of worship of Ganesha, celebrated most grandly in Maharashtra, where Lokmanya Tilak made it a public (sarvajanik) festival in 1893. It ends with immersion processions on Anant Chaturdashi.

Pilgrimages and sacred places (21)

  • A Jyotirlinga in the Western Ghats, near the source of the Bhima river and in a wildlife sanctuary.

  • A Jyotirlinga near the source of the Godavari, where the linga has three faces for Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Trimbakeshwar shares the Nashik Kumbh Mela.

  • The twelfth Jyotirlinga, close to the Ellora caves. The present temple was rebuilt by Ahilyabai Holkar in the 18th century.

  • A Kumbh Mela city shared with nearby Trimbakeshwar; its Panchavati is linked with Rama's exile.

  • A Shakti Peetha at Kolhapur, where Sati's eye is said to have fallen. The Goddess is worshipped here as Mahalakshmi.

  • A Shakti Peetha at Mahur, Nanded district, where Sati's left hand is said to have fallen. The Goddess is worshipped here as Renuka.

  • A Shakti Peetha at Vani, Nashik district, where Sati's chin is said to have fallen. The Goddess is worshipped here as Saptashrungi.

  • The temple of Goddess Tulja Bhavani, family deity of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and one of Maharashtra's three and a half Shakti Peethas.

  • The first and last stop of the Ashtavinayak, where Ganesha rides a peacock.

  • The Ashtavinayak temple where Ganesha's trunk turns to the right.

  • The Ashtavinayak temple named after the devotee Ballal.

  • The Ashtavinayak temple of Ganesha as the giver of boons; a lamp here is said to have burned for over a century.

See all 21

Famous places (10)

  • Buddhist rock-cut caves in a horseshoe-shaped gorge, famous for their wall paintings of the Jataka tales.

  • Hindu, Buddhist and Jain cave temples side by side, including the Kailasa temple carved from a single rock.

  • Rock-cut cave temples dedicated to Bhagwan Shiva on Gharapuri island in Mumbai harbour, home to the great three-headed Sadashiva.

  • Mumbai's grand railway station, a blend of Victorian Gothic Revival and Indian architecture, still one of the busiest stations in India.

  • Mumbai's waterfront arch facing the Arabian Sea, close to the Victorian Gothic and Art Deco buildings of the old city.

  • The hilltop capital of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, where he was crowned in 1674.

  • The temple of Vitthal (Vithoba) on the Chandrabhaga river, goal of the great Wari pilgrimage on foot.

  • Teak and bamboo forests around Tadoba lake in Vidarbha, one of the best places in India to see tigers in the wild.

  • A hill station in the Sahyadri range, known for its viewpoints, strawberries and the source of the Krishna river.

  • A saline, alkaline lake in a crater formed by a meteorite impact in the basalt rock of the Deccan plateau.

Heritage (6)