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Andaman and Nicobar Islands

AI-drafted · awaiting admin review

Union Territory · Capital: Sri Vijaya Puram (formerly Port Blair)

Government of India position

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose hoisted the Tricolour at Port Blair on 30 December 1943. The Cellular Jail is a national memorial to the freedom fighters imprisoned there, including Veer Savarkar. In 2023, 21 islands were named after Param Vir Chakra awardees.

Known for

  • The Cellular Jail, a national memorial to freedom fighters imprisoned in ‘Kala Pani’
  • Clear seas, coral reefs and beaches such as Radhanagar on Swaraj Dweep (Havelock)
  • Barren Island, the only active volcano in India
  • Indira Point on Great Nicobar, the southernmost tip of India
  • Indigenous peoples, including the Great Andamanese, Onge, Jarawa, Sentinelese, Shompen and Nicobarese
  • Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s hoisting of the national flag at Port Blair in December 1943; the capital is now named Sri Vijaya Puram
  • Dense tropical rainforests and marine national parks

Main sources of income

Most of the land is forest and much of it is protected, so the economy relies on services, tourism and the sea.

  • Government and defence services: Public administration, the tri-service Andaman and Nicobar Command, ports, health and education
  • Tourism: Beach, diving, heritage and island tourism, with hotels, boats, dive centres, guides and transport
  • Fisheries: Marine fishing for tuna, reef fish, prawns and crabs in the rich seas around the islands
  • Agriculture and plantations: Coconut, arecanut, paddy, spices, banana and other fruits and vegetables
  • Trade, construction and shipping: Inter-island shipping, shops, construction and supply of goods from the mainland

Top 5 specialities

  1. Coconut and copra: Coconut palms cover large areas, especially in the Nicobar group, where the Nicobarese have long lived on coconut and trade in copra
  2. Arecanut: Grown on farms in the Andaman group and sold to the mainland
  3. Fish and seafood: Tuna, reef fish, crabs and prawns caught by local fishers for island markets and for sale outside
  4. Spices: Black pepper, cloves, cinnamon and nutmeg grown in mixed plantations with coconut and arecanut
  5. Shell, cane and woodcraft: Handicrafts of shell, cane, bamboo and coconut shell made by island artisans and sold to visitors

Best practices

  • Protecting indigenous peoples: Under the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Protection of Aboriginal Tribes) Regulation, 1956, tribal reserves are closed to outsiders, so communities such as the Jarawa and Sentinelese can live on their own terms.
  • Conserving forests and seas: A large part of the islands lies in national parks, sanctuaries and tribal reserves. The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve is part of UNESCO’s World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
  • Clean beach management: Radhanagar Beach on Swaraj Dweep has the international Blue Flag certification for clean water, safety and environmental management.

Dance & performing arts

  • Nicobari dance

Festivals

  • Island Tourism Festival
  • Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose flag-hoisting anniversary (30 December)

Food

  • Seafood curries
  • Coconut-based dishes

Crafts & heritage

  • Shell craft
  • Cane and bamboo work

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Traditional recipes (11)

  • Fresh reef fish simmered in a coconut-milk gravy with tamarind, chilli and curry leaves, the everyday fish curry of island homes.

  • Sea prawns cooked with onion, tomato and spices and finished with coconut milk.

  • Mud crabs from the mangrove creeks cooked in a thick, spicy masala of onion, tomato, chilli and coconut.

  • Thick slices of fresh tuna rubbed with a chilli, lime and garlic masala and shallow-fried until crisp at the edges.

  • Rings of fresh squid tossed with onion, chilli, curry leaves and pepper and fried quickly so they stay tender.

  • Sun-dried fish roasted and pounded with onion, chilli, garlic and tamarind into a fiery chutney eaten with rice.

  • Rice cooked in coconut milk with whole spices and curry leaves, served with fish and seafood curries.

  • The fibrous fruit of the screw pine (pandanus) cooked and pressed into a starchy paste, a traditional staple food of the Nicobarese.

  • Pork boiled with salt and then cooked with grated coconut, a simple home-style preparation in Nicobarese households.

  • Tapioca and yam boiled with salt and eaten with a fiery chutney of chilli, onion and coconut oil.

  • Fresh tender coconut water blended with its soft flesh and a little lime, a simple drink for hot island days.

Traditional dances (3)

  • A group dance of the Nicobarese people in which men and women move in long lines or circles with linked arms, singing together at community feasts.

  • A circle dance kept alive in the Andamans by families whose ancestors came from the Chhota Nagpur region, danced to the mandar and nagara at harvest and festivals.

  • Dances of the Great Andamanese and Onge peoples, in which a singer keeps time by striking a wooden sounding board with the foot while the dancers stamp and leap around.

Famous places (7)

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